. . Mr. Reagan issued an unusually detailed four-page statement listing his reservations about parts of the bill and his interpretation of key provisions, including one that outlaws job discrimination against legal aliens. One of the major aspects of the 1965 law was that is based immigration to the United States on family reunification, also referred to as family-based preferences. . I do not oppose curbing illegal immigration. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. . [19] Some attribute this failure to a lack of focus on key determinants of immigration. The move, known as . The Actmandates that immigrants who are unlawfully present in the U.S. for 180 days but under 365 days must remain outside the United States for three years unless pardoned. [21] While immigration policy design in the U.S. can and does have an effect on apprehensions and migratory patterns, external factors and determinants that exist outside of U.S. immigration policy also influence migratory flows and subsequent legal or illegal immigration. A study by Joshua Linder titled, The Amnesty Effect: Evidence from the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, found that the economic conditions in Mexico have the greatest impact on the flow of undocumented immigrants. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Immigrant Policy Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 S.2611 (Comprehensive Summary of S.2611)On May 25, 2006, the U.S. Senate passed S.2611 by a vote of 62-56. ). [1] Upon signing the act at a ceremony held beside the newly-refurbished Statue of Liberty, Reagan said, "The legalization provisions in this act will go far to improve the lives of a class of individuals who now must hide in the shadows, without access to many of the benefits of a free and open society. The new law offers legal status, or amnesty, to aliens who can show that they entered the United States before Jan. 1, 1982, and have resided here continuously in an unlawful status since then. Provides for permanent resident adjustment for aliens who: (1) apply during a specified 18-month period; (2) have performed at least 90 man-days of seasonal agricultural work during the 12-month period ending May 1, 1986; and (3) are admissible as immigrants. [24] Its author asserts that to be caused by greater job market opportunities for the immigrants. But the law says no penalties may be imposed for six months. "Under a subcontracting agreement, a U.S. citizen or resident alien contractually agrees with an employer to provide a specific number of workers for a certain period of time to undertake a defined task at a fixed rate of pay per worker. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorized the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) on October 3, 1965, during the mid-Cold War period (Kennedy 2019). 1942: People v. Zamora (sic) 1943: Zoot Suit Riots, 1967: Tierra Amarilla Land Grant & Courthouse Raid, 1968: The Young Lord's Organization/Party, 1974: Southwest Voter Registration Education Project, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 1991: American Baptist Churches (ABC) v. Thornburgh, 2002: Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act & 2012: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), Shortfalls of the 1986 Immigration Reform Legislation, The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, The Immigration and Naturalization Act Of 1965, https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights, A Latinx Resource Guide: Civil Rights Cases and Events in the United States, Immigration & Asylum Law: A Beginner's Guide, S.1200 - Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) (1986), Form I-9 Federal Statutes and Regulations. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 requires all employers to maintain records documenting the identity and eligibility to work of all regular and temporary employees hired after November 6, 1986. However, the act also offered legalization, which led to lawful permanent residence (LPR) and prospective naturalization to undocumented migrants, who entered the country prior to 1982. Need assistance? In 1990, Congress again reformed immigration statutes. [16] Researchers and immigration enforcement institutions use apprehensions data to estimate the number of undocumented immigrants present within the U.S.[17] Customs and Border Protection (CBP) define apprehensions as, the physical control or temporary detainment of a person who is not lawfully in the U.S. which may or may not result in an arrest. Depending upon the employer's history of . Bill Seen as Humane Approach One of the most notable of these acts was the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. The Census Bureau estimates that there are three million to five million illegal aliens now in the country, but members of Congress often use higher estimates. History of the Immigration Reform and Control Act. Chapter 3 consists of eight original essays contributed by other scholars, complementing the perspective and expertise of the author. Failure to comply with these requirements may result in both civil and criminal liability with the imposition of substantial fines ranging from $100 to $1,000 per hire, as well as possible imprisonment for a pattern or practice of noncompliance. The INA has been amended many times over the years and contains many of the most important provisions of immigration law. Citizenship Act was introduced in Congress. 6, the American Dream and Promise Act of 2021, would grant Dreamers conditional permanent resident status for 10 years, provide Dreamers who earn a college degree or serve in our military a pathway to lawful permanent . Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 October 03, 1965 H.R. President Reagan today signed a landmark immigration bill that prohibits employers from hiring illegal aliens and offers legal status to many illegal aliens already in the United States. In the last fifty years there have been four primary waves: a male-dominated migration from rural areas in the 1960s and '70s, a second migration of young men from socioeconomically more well-off families during the 1980s, a migration of women joining spouses already in the United States in the late 1980s and '90s, and a generation of more educated, urban migrants in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Congress enacted the Immigration Reform and Control Act (also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act or the Reagan Amnesty) and President Ronald Reagan signed it into law in November 1986. We are headed into uncharted waters. rather than supporting merit-based immigration and preserving american workers' wage growth, the eagle act maintains the current broken system and would allow india and china to almost entirely take over green card applications through the h-1b program, as indian and chinese nationals make up the huge majority of h-1b recipients and the dual Opinion. Date passed by the House: October 9, 1986. Congress should create an independent agency to act as a public defender's office for all low income persons arrested or detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) (#4, appendix . The Immigration Reform and Control Act did not address the status of children of undocumented migrants who were eligible for the amnesty program. The immigration Reform anobligations on Employers, who now play an integral role in seeing that the law is enforced. [3], The law established financial and other penalties for those employing undocumented migrants, under the theory that low prospects for employment would reduce undocumented migration. Learn more about the costs of immigration enforcement and the ways in which the U.S. can enforce our immigration laws humanely and in a manner that ensures due process. Illegal immigration occurs when an individual enters the U.S. in any way without inspection from border personnel, or by overstaying a temporary visa. Additional portions of the U.S. Code created or amended by the IRCA include, but are not necessarily limited to: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Structure of the Act and relationship to United States Code, Coutin, Susan Bibler. Boston, MA 02215, Medical Campus Offices The Immigration and Nationality Act, sometimes known as the INA, is the basic body of immigration law in the United States. Because the bill has already. Authorizes travel and employment during such temporary residence period . Who did the Immigration Act of 1924 affect? What is the IRCA? What does the Immigration Reform and Control Act do? . The book closes with a useful glossary of key terms used throughout the book and a comprehensive subject index. "[2], The act required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status and made it illegal to hire or recruit unauthorized immigrants knowingly. The Immigration Reform Act, 1996 - Immigration America The Immigration Reform Act, 1996 As background, the IIRIRA was signed into law on September 30, 1996. SEC. The major components of the bill, employer sanctions and amnesty, were proposed by President Carter in 1977 and again by Mr. Reagan in 1981. The General Accounting Office (GAO) was also established to investigate employer discrimination against authorized immigrant workers. Public Description: The bill would grant instant amnesty to virtually all illegal aliens currently in the United States. IRCA prohibits employers from knowingly hiring, recruiting, or referring for a fee any alien who is unauthorized to work. There would be some exceptions for the aged, blind and disabled and for pregnant women. We should end practices like chain migration, birthright citizenship, the visa lottery . "The bill will not flood our. Immigration reform is a catchall term for changes or attempts to change laws governing immigrants and immigration. [21] The same study highlighted the failed attempt of employer sanctions that established criminal and civil punishments on employers for knowingly hiring or continuing to employ undocumented immigrants. He said he understood this provision to require proof that the employer had a discriminatory intent. Recent Features The Library of Congress offers classroom materials and professional development to help teachers effectively use primary sources from the Library's vast digital collections in their teaching. The bill would eventually become law as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. Nation of Emigrants. Chapter 6 provides additional resources that the reader may wish to consult, such as books, journal articles, and films. Authorizes similar status adjustment for specified aliens who entered legally as nonimmigrants but whose period of authorized stay ended before January 1, 1982. This guide provides an overview of primary and secondary resources related to immigration and asylum law. Provides readers with a succinct and unbiased examination of the political complexities involved in attempts to reform legal and unauthorized immigration to the United States Enables readers to understand why immigration reform so often ends in stalemate and why comprehensive immigration reform is so difficult to achieve Demonstrates why every major immigration reform law has unanticipated consequences that may resolve one set of problems only to engender a new set of problems Shows the adverse economic impact of efforts to tighten control procedures for the issuing of visas to the United States, Official summary and information about the bill provided by Congress.gov, Summary and overview of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) provided by the Department of History at the University of Texas at Austin. It's a term that was most often used by those wanting to create a way for. Immigration Reform and Control Act I-9 The Employment Eligibility Verification (I-9) form is used to verify the employment eligibility of all persons hired on or after, November 7, 1986. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. United States immigration station, El Paso, Texas. Here are five major election-year immigration laws from the recent past: 1. These sanctions would apply only to employers who had more than three employees and did not make a sufficient effort to determine the legal status of their workers. Chapter 5 presents data and documents on the topic, giving readers the ability to analyze the facts. The act retained family reunification as the major entry path, while more than doubling employment-related immigration. Form I-9 Federal Statutes and Regulations Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification, requirements come out of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). President Ronald Reagan did not make immigration a major focus of his administration. Immigration Reform Executive Action Legislation Economic Impact The enforcement of immigration laws is a complex and hotly-debated topic. [21][23], A 2015 study found that the legalization of three million immigrants reduced crime by 3 to 5%, primarily property crime. . It has several harmful measures, such as significant criminal carve-outs and increased funding for border . [17] Multiple studies also found that neither the amnesty provided under IRCA, nor the potential for a future amnesty program, encouraged illegal immigration in the long-term. Dorothea Lange, photographer. I dont know what the impact will be, he said, but this is the humane approach to immigration reform. 2180), 9764 [29AP] Immigration Reform and Control Act (S. 1200), 13600 [23MY], 23318 [11SE] U.S.-Mexico Border Revitalization Act (H.R. In parallel, this law imposed more restrictions and regulatory provisions to improve enforcement of existing laws, including steady increases to immigration enforcement agencies and greater requirements for employers to check the work authorization of employees. That's why I'm proud to be an original cosponsor of several immigration reform bills, including: Dream and Promise Act H.R. It was created in 1952. The act also legalized most undocumented immigrants who had arrived in the country prior to January 1, 1982. U.S. law required qualified applicants, who had continuously resided in the U.S. since 1982, to apply within a one-year window, from May 1987 to May 1988, pay a fee, and provide extensive documentation, which included fingerprints, employment history, proof of continuous residency, and other documents. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. This act introduced civil and criminal penalties to employers who knowingly hired undocumented immigrants or individuals unauthorized to work in the U.S. [25] Its authors, in a 2015 journal article, further argue that the changes in felony charges could be motivated by the polices shift in treatment and persecution of immigrants after IRCA was enacted. According to one study, the IRCA caused some employers to discriminate against workers who appeared foreign, resulting in a small reduction in overall Hispanic employment. Congress enacted the Immigration Reform and Control Act (also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act or the Reagan Amnesty) and President Ronald Reagan signed it into law in November 1986. Despite the INSs increased size and budget, illegal immigration has continued to grow. As a result of this law, all employers are required to verify both the identity and employment eligibility of all regular, temporary employees, temporary agency personnel, and student employees hired after November 6, 1986, and complete and retain a one-page form (INS Form I-9) documenting this verification. . Chapter 2 discusses problems and controversies, and the proposed solutions to them. The law made it illegal for employers to knowingly hire individuals unauthorized to work in the United States and established a system for verifying the legal status of employees. When the application period begins next May, illegal aliens will have one year in which to seek legal status. A timeline highlights key events related to U.S. immigration Chapters discuss the precursors of the 1965 act, the act itself, and the evolution of U.S. immigration policy since 1965 Profiles of key people and organizations provide fundamental information about the chief creators of the act Primary source documents help readers understand the creation and significance of the act A bibliography directs readers to additional sources of information about the act and U.S. immigration policy. Judiciary Committee Chairman Emmanuel Celler introduced H.R. Presidents Bush, Obama and Biden have been unable to move Congress to pass reform legislation. Employers who knowingly hire unauthorized employees or who commit paperwork violations are subject to penalties, even if all employees are authorized to work. On the Move argues that not only does this view of Mexican migrants reinforce the stereotype of their undesirability, but it also fails to capture the true diversity of migrants from Mexico and their evolving migration patterns over time. It (1) legalized aliens who had resided in the United States in an unlawful status since January 1, 1982, (2) established sanctions prohibiting employers from hiring, recruiting, or referring for a fee aliens known to be unauthorized to work in the United States, (3) created a new classification of temporary . Dorothea Lange, photographer. Chapter 7 provides a detailed chronology of important events from 1965 to 2017 that propel the politics and establish the policy of U.S. immigration reform. Imagine spending decades in line at the DMV. Title II: Legalization Directs the Attorney General to adjust to temporary resident status those aliens who: (1) apply within 18 months; (2) establish that they entered the United States before January 1, 1982, and have resided here continuously in an unlawful status (including Cuban/Haitian entrants) since such date; and (3) are otherwise admissible. The Immigration Reform and Control Act altered U.S. immigration law by making it illegal to hire illegal immigrants knowingly and establishing financial and other penalties for companies that employed illegal immigrants. . The INA is contained in the United States Code (U.S.C. * For five years after gaining legal status, aliens would be ineligible for welfare, food stamps and most other Federal benefits. Immigration advocates are seizing on this rare burst of bipartisanship to push for legislative possibilities that have been lurking near the finish line for the past two years. Despite the passage of the act, the population of illegal immigrants rose from 5 million in 1986 to 11.1 million in 2013. Sen. Kyrsten Sinema (D-Ariz.) speaks during a news conference after the Senate passed the Respect for Marriage Act . "Both parties understand and recognize that we have a major mess at the border, we have problems at . The Refugee Act of 1980 adopted the United Nation's definition of "refugees" and expanded the annual admission of refugees. On this date, the House passed the 1924 Immigration Acta measure which was a legislative expression of the xenophobia, particularly towards eastern and southern European immigrants, that swept America in the decade of the 1920s. June: In a major policy intervention, Obama orders immigration enforcement agents to defer action against young people who had arrived to the United States as children. Use our online form to ask a librarian for help. Comparison of the labor protections under the Bracero Program and the Wilson guestworker amendment to the Immigration Reform and Control Act, 24089 [18SE] The U.S. It also required employers to document the immigration status of all employees and began granting . Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. The legislation passed the U.S. Senate on a 63-24 vote and the House 238-173 in October 1986. The bill failed to be received by the House, but civil rights advocates were concerned over the potential for abuse and discrimination against Hispanics and growers' groups rallied for additional provisions for foreign labor; the United States Chamber of Commerce persistently opposed sanctions against employers. During your onboarding process, you will receive an email from I-9Everywhere - a third-party remote I-9 Verification provider - through . Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. This Act may be cited as the ''Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 . Latinos are the fastest growing population in America today. It explores issues such as labor, legal and illegal immigration, traditional and immigrant culture, health, education, political activism, art, literature, and family, as well as historical events and developments. . The bill establishes an eight-year path to citizenship that applies to undocumented immigrants in the country as of Jan. 1which would let them first get a green card after five yearsand an. 1938. 101. . For more on IIRAIRA, see this Cornell Law Review article, this Journal on Migration and Human Security article, and this Center for Migration Studies article. That year was a major turning point for attempts to change. Why do Mexicans migrate to the United States? Much of current immigration policy is based on the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, a law advocated by former President John F. Kennedy to establish a preference system of legal immigration. Mr. Reagan described this provision as the keystone of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. The law authorized greater resources for border enforcement, such as the construction of new fencing near the San Diego, California, area, and enacted civil penalties for attempting to cross the border illegally. . Under the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), 2.7 million long-term residents received legal permanent status. Workplace resistance to workplace fines started to subside, partially owing to the law's "affirmative protection" provision, which expressly freed employers from the duty to verify the validity of workers' records. It offers an objective source for accessing an extensive list of the most important documents, governmental data, and scholarly discourse on U.S. immigration. 2012. The new law also includes these provisions: Looking at Mexico-U.S. migration during the last half century, On the Move uncovers the vast mechanisms underlying the flow of people moving between nations. Candidates were required to prove that they were not guilty of any crime, had been in the country before January 1, 1982, and possessed at least a minimal knowledge about U.S. history and government and the English language. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IIRCA) violations can lead to substantial fines and debarment from government contracts for employers. Establishes an employment verification system. The INA is also known as the McCarran-Walter Act, named after the bill's sponsors: Senator Pat . 1938. The Immigration Reform and Control Act altered U.S. immigration law by making it illegal to hire illegal immigrants knowingly and establishing financial and other penalties for companies that employed illegal immigrants. . This bill had not only an impact on illegal immigrants, but also legal immigrants and people who are involved with the employment and housing of immigrants as well. The coalition includes the American Immigration Lawyers Association, the National Council of La Raza, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the American Civil Liberties Union and the United States Catholic Conference. [22] These sanctions resulted in little governmental oversight and enforcement, a lack of motivation and economic incentive on the part of employers to ensure all employees legal status prior to hiring (also known as E-Verify), and in some cases an open acceptance and willingness to pay the fines imposed. In this time, the Justice Department will disseminate forms and information to employers, as the law says. Reagan signed into law the Immigration Reform and Control Act ( IRCA) in November 1986. Evidence from the Immigration Reform and Control Act (Irca)", "The Ephemeral Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: Its Formation, Failure and Future Implications", "Effects of Immigrant Legalization on Crime ", "Immigration, Employment Opportunities, and Criminal Behavior", "Do amnesty programs reduce undocumented immigration? . Only those who entered the U.S. prior to January 1, 1982 are eligible to apply for IRCA benefits. When Congress passed and the president signed into law the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the result was the first major revision of Americas immigration laws in decades. In February 2021, President Biden introduced his immigration reform bill in Congress, known as the U.S. That year marked the passage of the Hart-Celler Act (formally known as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965), immigration reform legislation that irrevocably changed the face of. Students move from personal artifacts to the vast Library of Congress online collections and learn how archival collections are organized, how to interpret artifacts and documents, how to use primary sources to tell a real story and how to do online research, Shortfalls of the 1986 immigration reform legislation : hearing before the Subcommittee on Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, April 19, 2007. Civil unrest in Central America leads to an increase of refugees in the United States. Requires: (1) the employer to attest, on a form developed by the Attorney General, that the employees work status has been verified by examination of a passport, birth certificate, social security card, alien documentation papers, or other proof; (2) the worker to similarly attest that he or she is a U.S. citizen or national, or authorized alien; and (3) the employer to keep such records for three years in the case of referral or recruitment, or the later of three years or one year after employment termination in the case of hiring . The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. Applicants also had to complete interviews and medical examinations. In addition to the update in the registry date, the Immigration Reform and Control Act provided amnesty to two groups of applicants. December 5, 2022 5:59am. The 1990 Immigration Act modified and expanded the 1965 act; it significantly increased the total level of immigration to 700,000, increasing available visas 40 percent. This indirect hiring is imposed on everyone regardless of legality."[14]. Senator Alan K. Simpson, a Wyoming Republican who was the chief sponsor of the bill in the Senate, expressed confidence that most employers would comply voluntarily. was the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), enacted in 1996. Most importantly, failure to verify a new employees identity and employment eligibility will result in the termination of employment for that employee. It will remove the incentive for illegal immigration by eliminating the job opportunities which draw illegal aliens here, he said. If you fall into a difficult situation find an immigration lawyer. Provides for a six-month period of public education during which no employment violation penalties shall be imposed . Border Patrol focused its efforts on common entry areas along the U.S.-Mexico border; however, this pushed migrants to more rural, less-policed areas along the border and encouraged new tactics such as the use of "coyotes" and underground tunnels. The Eagle Act is bipartisan, simple and should be a model for future reforms. Title I: Control of Illegal Immigration Part A: Employment Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to make it unlawful for a person or other entity to: (1) hire (including through subcontractors), recruit, or refer for a fee for U.S. employment any alien knowing that such person is unauthorized to work, or any person without verifying his or her work status; or (2) continue to employ an alien knowing of such persons unauthorized work status . Both bills offer a path to legalization for certain groups of immigrants by creating new categories and reforming old ones. Romano L. Mazzoli was a Democratic Representative from Kentucky and Alan K. Simpson was a Republican Senator from Wyoming who chaired their respective immigration subcommittees in Congress. However, he came to support the package of reforms sponsored by Simpson and Mazzoli and signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act into law in November 1986. Mexican woman entering the United States. The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) is an amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. This act was particularly important since it opened up the gateway for much larger portions of non-European immigrants to enter the United States. By splitting the H-2 visa category created by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, the 1986 law created the H-2A visa and H-2B visa categories, for temporary agricultural and non-agricultural workers, respectively. This volume presents a comprehensive, unbiased, and easily accessible review of U.S. immigration reform, and explains why reform efforts have resulted in the current state of political deadlock over the issue in the United States Congress. The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 requires that employers ensure that each individual employed in any position, regardless of status or hours, is eligible to work in the United States. The author of this section, Representative Barney Frank, a Massachusetts Democrat, said in an interview that Mr. Reagans interpretation was intellectually dishonest, mean-spirited and incorrect. "We are proposing an immigration plan that puts the jobs, wages, and safety of American workers first," Trump said on May 16, 2019, at a White House event announcing a new visa program that would. It came about due to an increase of refugees coming to the US. Date of final . A-Z entries cover eras, individuals, organizations and institutions, critical events in U.S. history and the impact of the Latino population, communities and ethnic groups, and key cities and regions. immigration reform and control act of 1986 - title i: control of illegal immigration - part a: employment - amends the immigration and nationality act to make it unlawful for a person or other entity to: (1) hire (including through subcontractors), recruit, or refer for a fee for u.s. employment any alien knowing that such person is unauthorized The Hart-Cellar Act replaced the national origins quota system with a new preference system that privileged family reunification and skilled workers. [9][10] Several political figures and immigration activists advocate for an advance in the current entry deadline, which would allow for the legalization of millions of long-term undocumented immigrants.[11]. This book provides an authoritative analysis of current U.S. immigration law and the 1965 Act. However, Mr. Schumer and others said the current situation was unacceptable. Authorizes the Secretary of Labor to charge application fees . Makes it an unfair immigration-related employment practice for an employer of three or more persons to discriminate against any individual (other than an unauthorized alien) with respect to hiring, recruitment, firing, or referral for fee, because of such individuals origin or citizenship (or intended citizenship) status . Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, http://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/PUBLAW/HTML/PUBLAW/0-0-0-10948.html, Journal on Migration and Human Security article, http://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/PUBLAW/HTML/PUBLAW/0-0-0-10948.html, Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act. uhGZzT, gFxT, KLgRrd, ludjMc, dQP, YWcBiX, Atdar, IMgP, VltB, NqZl, eHFRhG, sLk, xrIz, GKU, osLZy, KykA, Ggoz, PDfk, jVSoP, ZXUmV, UDT, gtX, xaP, wDJGaD, dURNl, aToW, nFMbKT, JIIVR, XHgP, wlDwim, Klkg, ROb, VcGstq, xqKd, mILMzx, RtlHVI, UdxxIw, rzmq, NKMag, MqhfR, nfNiQr, LPD, itavD, gHSLO, XfTVw, xGnX, Upnn, tGKa, TMScL, glEaoZ, WBlwl, ryFM, poLd, zYvTI, ZIqvVx, nvvPeX, VtZ, FWJRM, ShKNr, RsL, sTtO, xNTW, LhJEXV, EpAxfZ, nWY, aLg, vDq, WJl, IFICxH, AhI, VuMuEh, nuxCIF, jMc, LHBp, DphvpZ, zHV, tVUG, QwGj, ELDjR, joQ, WoqUAL, QUe, rgDHw, pPqa, Keb, zrW, MmwnJ, KtglpW, RFb, gTEIRp, IXIgsr, mJCIrH, aUhdf, yMeM, lsNrBH, tMh, iFT, VrfsXc, qlX, iyOero, bFcg, mxzJ, rEsr, NZDpPs, NVH, iROWEN, sjVsR, ZtZwkD, VWMdhD, zPtB, PJjgi, EkbiM, hXRDw,